In a macroscopic object, which is spatially confined and unperturbed by the rest of the world, every single atom exhibits an essentially unpredictable, chaotic motion ad infinitum, yet the system as a ...

Stochastic thermodynamics and quantum systems constitute an emerging interdisciplinary field that extends classical thermodynamic concepts into realms where fluctuations and quantum effects play a ...

The physics of thermodynamics, which involves quantities like heat and entropy, offers well-established tools for determining how far from equilibrium an idealised system of particles is. But when it ...