Using observed imbalances between study groups (e.g., exposed and unexposed) to determine variables for confounding adjustment in nonrandomized studies may misguide the selection of variables to ...

Control for confounding is crucial in causal observational studies. However, the modelling of continuous confounders has not received much attention. This is probably because in causal research the ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract We propose a new criterion for confounder selection when the underlying causal structure is unknown and only limited knowledge is available.

Confounding is recognized as a mixing of effects that can lead to spurious conclusions about the association between disease and a putative risk factor. Confounding occurs if an extraneous factor ...