Functional integral equations constitute a broad class of problems in which an unknown function appears under an integral sign. These equations play a pivotal role in modelling complex phenomena in ...

Stochastic Volterra integral equations provide a powerful framework for modelling systems in which memory effects and hereditary properties play a central role. These equations extend the classical ...

You may periodically run into situations where properly formatting an equation would be a nice touch to your writing. Grapher is a great way to insert equations into various documents. Topher, an avid ...