Functional integral equations constitute a broad class of problems in which an unknown function appears under an integral sign. These equations play a pivotal role in modelling complex phenomena in ...

Maths Integrals Formulas: The CBSE Class 12 mathematics course is heavily focused on calculus, and Chapter 7 Integrals is one of the lengthiest and most important chapters on the topic. Integrals is ...

Integral equations in various scientific theories and their relation to differential equations. Methods of solving linear problems with Hilbert Schmidt, Cauchy, and Wiener-Hopf type kernels; ...

Stochastic Volterra integral equations provide a powerful framework for modelling systems in which memory effects and hereditary properties play a central role. These equations extend the classical ...

Revise how to find the area above and below the x axis and the area between two curves by integrating, then evaluating from the limits of integration. Higher Maths - Applying integral calculus.

Analogue computer: Brian Edwards (left), Nader Engheta (centre) and Nasim Mohammadi Estakhri show-off their microwave protoype. (Courtesy: Eric Sucar/University of Pennsylvania) Metamaterials have ...