Introduces ordinary differential equations, systems of linear equations, matrices, determinants, vector spaces, linear transformations, and systems of linear differential equations. Prereq., APPM 1360 ...

This is a subject I struggled with the first time I took it. Ironically, this was the engineering version of it. It wasn't until I took the rigorous, axiomatic version that everything clicked.

Vector spaces, linear transformation, matrix representation, inner product spaces, isometries, least squares, generalised inverse, eigen theory, quadratic forms, norms, numerical methods. The fourth ...

Fuzzy normed linear spaces extend conventional normed spaces by integrating a degree of imprecision through fuzzy set theory, thereby quantifying uncertainty in the measurement of vector magnitude. In ...